The reference values for total PSA vary according to the laboratory, but, on average, for men with 59 years old rates should be below 4.0 ng / mL. Individuals between 60 and 69 years must have a maximum PSA of at most 4.5 ng / mL. Those who are equal to or greater than 70 years, the values must not exceed 6.5 ng / ml.
However, it is important to stress that the value of total PSA may be high due to other factors that are not related to prostate cancer, such as diseases, infections, or procedures to which man has recently undergone.
Among the factors that may alter the outcome of the total PSA examination are rectal examination, prostate massage, prostatitis, benign prostatic hypertrophy, urethral instrumentation, prostatic biopsy, and recent ejaculation.
For example, when total PSA values are between 4 and 10 ng / mL, it can be difficult to interpret them, as this increase may have been caused by a benign prostatic hypertrophy (when the prostate enlarges, but not by cancer). In such cases, it is advisable to associate with the result of the free PSA.
The relationship Free PSA / total PSA is lower in cancer patients. This means that when free PSA values are divided by the total PSA values, the calculation result is usually lower in those with prostate cancer.
The reference values for the free PSA / total PSA ratio are not well established. However, when below 0.20, appear to correlate with prostate cancer, whereas values above 0.20 appear to be associated with benign diseases.
The PSA (Prostate Specific Total Antigen) test is used to aid in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, associated with rectal examination and ultrasound, or to monitor patients with the previously diagnosed disease.
Isolated analysis of the PSA test does not allow the diagnosis of prostatic disease. Correlation with the history and physical examination of the patient is necessary, and the rectal touch is fundamental.
For further clarification consult a urologist doctor, who is the specialist responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate disorders and diseases.
Learn more at:
PSA changed: what are the symptoms and what can they be?
How is the free PSA exam done?
What are the main types of blood tests and what are they for?
