O measles is an infectious disease caused by a family virus Morbilivirus, transmitted by airway secretions, such as droplets removed by sneezing or coughing.
The period between the contagion and the onset of symptoms is about 12 days. Transmission of the virus may occur before the onset of symptoms and extend until the fourth day after reddish plaques appear on the skin.
The symptoms of measles are:
- red spots on the skin (maculopapular rash), which begin on the face and progress toward the feet;
- fever;
- cough;
- malaise;
- conjunctivitis;
- coryza;
- loss of appetite;
- white patches on the inside of the cheeks (Koplik rash).
Measles symptoms may be confused with other viral diseases such as dengue; however, fortunately, it is an uncommon disease due to the measles vaccination program. Some "imported" cases may occur when a person acquires measles in another country.
Measles is a potentially serious disease that can lead to otitis, pneumonia and encephalitis, and can also lead to miscarriage or premature delivery in pregnant women.
The diagnosis is made through clinical examination and, when necessary, confirmed by blood test.
In the presence of these symptoms, the patient should be evaluated by the clinician or pediatrician in the emergency services.
